中国之最中英结合(“埃铁”全记录‖中埃合作创

The Ramadan 10th City Railway, situated in the tropical desert, faces strong winds and sand, high temperatures, and intense sunshine along its route. The NAT had specific requirements for the train, including a width range of 2.31m to 2.9m and a maximum operating speed of 120km/h. The Chinese design team, in collaboration with the Egyptian requirements and taking into account the external environment, designed a customized special train that passed the international standard train fire test, with resistance to wind and sand, low noise, and high passenger capacity.

这一创新设计不仅满足了埃及的特殊环境需求，也展示了中国在轨道交通领域的先进技术和丰富经验。通过定制化设计，中埃双方实现了从理念到实践的深度融合，共同创造了这一轨道交通的奇迹。

This innovative design not only meets the special environmental needs of Egypt but also demonstrates China's advanced technology and rich experience in the field of rail transportation. Through customized design, both China and Egypt have achieved deep integration from concept to practice, jointly creating this miracle of rail transportation.

在这条线路的建设过程中，中铁二院设计团队还面临着诸多挑战，如文化、管理、语言等方面的差异。他们凭借着对项目的深入理解和专业知识，成功克服了这些障碍，为埃及人民带来了一条高效、便捷、安全的轨道交通线路。

During the construction of this line, the design team of China Railay Eryuan Engineering Group also faced many challenges, such as cultural, management, and language differences. However, with their deep understanding of the project and professional knowledge, they successfully overcame these obstacles and brought a efficient, convenient, and safe rail transportation line to the Egyptian people.

这一中埃合作的项目不仅提升了埃及的交通运输能力，也进一步加深了中埃两国的友谊与合作。斋月十日城铁路的成功建设，为两国在未来的合作中树立了新的里程碑。

This China-Egypt cooperation project not only enhances Egypt's transportation capacity but also further deepens the friendship and cooperation between China and Egypt. The successful construction of the 10th of Ramadan City Railway has set a new milestone for the two countries' cooperation in the future.在热带沙漠中建设的斋月十日城铁路，穿越强烈沙尘暴、高温和强烈阳光的区域。为了满足埃及方面的要求，中国设计团队经过全面的外部环境分析，定制了一款特殊列车，其宽度介于2.31至2.9米之间，最高时速为120公里/小时。

这条线路的列车乘客完全不受外部环境的影响。车内的空气清新，没有因风沙弥漫带来的污浊。车内的光线舒适，双层中空灰色玻璃和遮阳帘有效地隔绝了车外刺眼的光照。即使在车外有极端高温和强烈紫外线照射的情况下，车内的温度也适宜。部分列车还设有女性专用车厢，为乘客提供更加舒适的旅行体验。

斋月十日城铁路是埃及首个采用无缝线路设计的铁路项目。在桥梁上铺设无缝线路的设计，中国标准通过减小桥梁和轨道的纵向力来保证安全，而欧洲标准则是通过增加桥梁和轨道结构的安全储备值来实现。

为了回应业主、监理及施工方对无缝线路设计方法和计算参数的疑问，中铁二院采取了分两步的详细设计策略。按照中国标准收集桥梁刚度、扣件阻力等各项基本参数，进行无缝线路的检算，确保设计方案符合中国设计标准。广泛查阅埃及的规范和工程案例，找到适用于本项目的设计条款或实例，在提交的资料中直接引用埃及本地规范或实例，论证无缝线路设计方案的合理性。

通过这一“两步走”的策略，本项目桥上无缝线路设计在采用中国设计标准的前提下，成功获得了业主和监理的认可。这不仅证明了中铁二院的专业能力，也展现了中方在铁路建设领域的实力和经验。乘客们在享受舒适旅行体验的也感受到了中国技术的卓越和可靠性。Design Scheme Selection: From Turmoil to Finalization

In the context of Egypt's existing subway stations, which predominantly feature side platforms, the design team faced the challenge of balancing station scale and equipment with the requirements of the project owner and local乘客 usage habits. The stations along this railway line are predominantly standard stations, and the selection of station type, optimization of scale, optimization of passenger flow, modular design, and template design were all crucial in saving construction time and reducing construction costs.

The design team conducted extensive research on existing stations and leveraged their extensive experience in transportation development to propose various station designs, including single-level side stations, double-level side stations, and double-level island stations. After evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each option through multiple perspectives, the team took into account factors such as the line's parallel alignment with the Egyptian national railway, economic efficiency, smooth passenger flow, and convenient transportation connections. After extensive discussions with the project owner, a double-level ground station with side platforms was ultimately selected as the typical station design.

The design team's approach was not only focused on meeting the project's technical requirements but also on ensuring that the stations were in line with local cultural norms and expectations. By considering these diverse factors and continuously iterating on the design, the team was able to deliver a final design scheme that was both innovative and practical, paving the way for future rail transportation projects in Egypt. The successful selection of the station design represents a significant milestone in the project, marking a transition from uncertainty and turbulence to a clear and settled design direction.经过多次的修改和调整，车站的设计方案最终出炉。考虑到埃及国家铁路的实际状况以及项目的经济、便捷性等因素，设计团队决定采用标准车站的设计方案。对于这类车站，类型选择、参数对比、优化规模、流线优化、模块化设计和模型设计都是至关重要的环节，有助于节省建设时间和成本。特别是车站位置的选址和总平面布置更是经过了几番波折。最初，铁路位于埃及国家铁路南侧，车辆段选在了铁路正线与巴德尔城北侧之间的区域。然而随着项目的进展，线路位置发生了变化，从埃及国家铁路南侧改至北侧，车辆段的选址也随之调整至铁路正线北侧。设计团队通过与埃及国家隧道局多次现场勘查，最终确定了车辆段的选址方案。他们选择南端紧邻斋月十日城铁路正线，西侧与用地平行布置，北端直接与现有的Geneva路接驳，东侧还预留了未来扩展的空间。这一方案充分考虑到接触网与电力贯通线的同杆架设需求，旨在打造一座既满足埃及乘客需求又融合了中国建筑精髓的样板车站。设计团队精心设计了不同种类的车站，包括单层侧式车站、双层侧式车站和双层岛式车站等，并对比了各方案的优缺点。最终，他们决定采用双层侧式地面车站作为典型车站的设计方案。这一方案不仅体现了中国的强大交通运输网络经验，也充分融入了埃及的文化元素和实际需求。在项目实施过程中，设计团队与项目业主进行了长时间的交流和讨论，以确保最终的设计方案能够满足项目的各种需求和期望。现在，这座车站已经成为连接埃及国家铁路与现代化城市交通网络的重要枢纽，为乘客提供了便捷、高效的交通服务。Like the station design scheme, the depot’s final siting and general layout underwent several changes. Originally, it was situated south of the Egyptian National Railays (ENR), with the depot positioned between the south of the main line and the north of Badr City. In this initial phase, it was not only close to the main line but also conveniently connected to Badr Station to the east. However, as the siting of the Railay shifted from its south to the north of the ENR, the depot’s location followed suit, moving to the north of the main line.

After conducting numerous onsite surveys with the NAT, a decision was made on the depot’s final siting. This decided location was situated adjacent to the main line in the south, parallel to a plot of military land in the east, and connected to the existing Geneva Road in the north. Moreover, it boasted a plot of vacant land for long-term development in the east.

Six months later, a request from the Egyptian side called for a shift of the depot site to a location about 400 meters east of its original position,远离既有方用地. This change resulted in a challenge as the available land was insufficient for the depot, rendering it difficult to implement the overall layout and design the entrance and exit lines. Faced with this challenge, our design team diligently studied and optimized the depot’s layout and dimensions. Simultaneously, we actively engaged with local authorities to discuss the possibility of shifting Badr Station slightly towards the east, which was planned to be connected to the depot.

Behind Badr Station lay two branches of a Y-shaped line, an indication of the intricate nature of this project’s logistics and coordination. The subsequent seven days were spent in intense collaboration between our depot design team and the Egyptian National Tunnel Authority as well as the client authorities. Real-time adjustments to the overall depot plan were made in alignment with client feedback. After evaluation and recommendation by the client’s decision-making committee, as well as coordination with the Egyptian Presidential Office and relevant parties, a definitive solution was finalized.

随着巴德尔车辆段的搬迁，一系列变革即将展开。在随后的七天里，设计团队每天都前往国家铁路局，与负责项目的部门紧密合作，以确保关于如何调整车辆段整体布局的计划能得到及时的沟通。这一决策是埃铁项目中的关键一步，历经三次选址和二十三版总平面布置方案的比较后，巴德尔车辆段的选址和总图终于确定下来。

关于架设方案的20kV电力贯通线也经历了多次修改。在2015年中埃双方签署的合同技术附件中，明确采用架空线方式架设电力线。在项目推进过程中，发现架空方案不利于维护。为了工程的整体利益，经过与业主的协商，决定调整为全电缆方式。由于埃及首次使用电缆槽，路基段的电缆槽价格极高，约为中国的三到五倍，增加了土建成本。业主考虑到投资效益，建议将电缆重新调整为架空方式。设计团队经过深入分析和论证后接受了业主的建议，最终确定了混合方案：在大部分区段采用架空电力贯通线与接触网同杆架设的方式，同时在部分空间受限的区域仍采用电缆方案。这一决策既满足了工程需求，也充分考虑了经济效益。

埃铁项目建设现场充满了挑战与变革。从选址到总图布置，从电力贯通线的架设方式到维护方案的调整，每一步都凝聚了设计团队的心血和智慧。他们的努力确保了项目的顺利进行，为埃及铁路的现代化进程注入了新的活力。随着工程的深入进行，我们有理由相信，未来的埃铁将成为连接东西方的重要纽带。Vehicle Section Contact Network

The design team has enhanced the overall seismic performance of the structure by adjusting its seismic construction and conducting supplementary testing for weak parts. This approach has achieved the balance between structural design economy and efficiency.

In the case of the Egypt Railay project, the design team faced numerous challenges in adapting to the local environment and conditions while maintaining a high standard of quality and efficiency. As per the requirements of the contract signed between China and Egypt in 2015, the 20 kV power transmission line was initially designed as an overhead line. However, with the progress of construction, it was found that this form was challenging to maintain, leading to discussions with project owners and a subsequent decision to switch to cables.

This was a first for Egypt, where the use of cable troughs was not common. The cost of the cable trough for the railay's roadbed was significantly higher, approximately three to five times that of China, driving up the civil engineering costs. After in-depth analysis and demonstrations, the design team accepted the advice of the civil engineering investors and decided to revert to the overhead line design.

Notably, the overhead line and catenary could be erected on the same poles, and cables could be used in sections with limited space, showcasing the team's ability to adapt and innovate in response to local conditions and challenges. The integration of Chinese and European seismic design concepts in the structural design of the vehicle section contact network not only enhanced its seismic performance but also optimized its economic and efficient performance.To enhance the seismic performance of the structure, the design team has refined the earthquake-resistant construction and supplemented testing on key components to ensure both economic efficiency and optimal structural design. This project, undertaken by Chinese enterprises in Egypt, represents a milestone in many "firsts" for China's rail vehicles, including electric trains, engineering vehicles, and vehicle depot process equipment, as they enter Egypt meeting international high standards.

It is the inaugural railway in Egypt to adopt the Communication Based Train Control System (CBTC) for its signal system, and also features a 25kV AC traction power supply system, tailored for Egypt's rail transportation. Furthermore, the introduction of a centralized Maintenance Management System (MMS) is a first for Egypt, incorporating leading international face recognition and intelligent detection functions into the video surveillance system. The weak current integrated power system, integrated using European standards, is also a first in a rail engineering project under the Belt and Road Initiative.

Overcoming challenges posed by differing standard systems and design philosophies between China and Egypt, language barriers, cultural differences, and various external coordination issues, the design team at China Railway Eryuan had meticulously organized and planned. With their exceptional technical prowess, professional expertise, and international success experiences, they have achieved comprehensive approval of their design outcomes, laying a solid foundation for the timely opening of the railway. This success also provides a valuable reference for other Chinese-funded projects overseas.

The journey has been filled with firsts and pioneering efforts, reflecting not only the technical expertise and innovative spirit of the Chinese design team but also the mutual trust and collaboration between China and Egypt. This project not only contributes to the development of rail transportation in Egypt but also enhances the reputation of Chinese enterprises in international markets.在推动中国与埃及合作的项目中，设计团队面临着众多挑战。由于两国标准体系和设计理念存在差异，加之语言沟通障碍、文化差异以及外部协调的种种难题，都给项目设计团队带来了不小的压力。中国铁路二院地铁院的设计团队以精细的组织和深思熟虑的规划应对挑战，充分发挥其在技术和专业知识方面的优势。他们借鉴了国际上成功的实践经验，确保了设计的成功实施。这不仅为斋月十日城铁路项目按时通车奠定了坚实的基础，也为其他中国企业参与的海外项目提供了宝贵的参考。

（作者为中铁二院地铁院的专业工程师，同时也是埃及斋月十日城铁路项目的总体设计负责人。）

来源：《一带一路报道（中英文）》2022年第四期

编辑：李卉嫔 审核：贾琪 校对：雷露 主编：邓灼

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